Jeffrey Pawlick and Quanyan Zhu
—While the Internet of things (IoT) promises to improve areas such as energy efficiency, health care, and transportation, it is highly vulnerable to cyberattacks. In particular, DDoS attacks work by overflowing the bandwidth of a server. But many IoT devices form part of cyber-physical systems (CPS). Therefore, they can be used to launch a “physical” denial-ofservice attack (PDoS) in which IoT devices overflow the “physical bandwidth” of a CPS.