Stephen McLaughlin, Charalambos Konstantinou, Xueyang Wang, Lucas Davi, Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi, Michail Maniatakos, and Ramesh Karri
Industrial control systems (ICSs) are transitioning from legacy-electromechanical-based systems to modern information and communication technology (ICT)-based systems creating a close coupling between cyber and physical components. In this paper, we explore the ICS cybersecurity landscape including: 1) the key principles and unique aspects of ICS operation; 2) a brief history of cyberattacks on ICS; 3) an overview of ICS security assessment; 4) a survey of “uniquely-ICS” testbeds that capture the interactions between the various layers of an ICS; and 5) current trends in ICS attacks and defenses.